Thyroid disorders and polycystic ovary syndrome: All you need to know

Thyroid diseases and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are both reasonably prevalent ailments affecting a large number of people worldwide. The exact prevalence of these problems varies depending on the community investigated, but thyroid issues are estimated to impact 4.6% of the worldwide population, while PCOS affects 7-10% of women of reproductive age.

The frequency of thyroid problems varies by geography, with iodine-deficient areas having the greatest rates. Iodine is a nutrient that is required for the formation of thyroid hormones. PCOS is more frequent in reproductive-age women, however, it can affect females as young as 11 years old. PCOS is more frequent in overweight or obese women, however, it can also occur in women of normal weight.

Thyroid issues and PCOS can both have serious consequences for a person's health and quality of life. Thyroid abnormalities can cause a variety of symptoms such as exhaustion, weight gain, and mood swings, whereas PCOS can cause irregular periods, reproductive issues, and an increased risk of certain health illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease.

Thyroid issues and PCOS are being studied for their causes, diagnosis, and therapy, and discoveries are being produced all the time. If you have one of these disorders, you must work closely with your healthcare professional to manage your condition and preserve your general health.

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a prevalent hormonal condition that mostly affects women of reproductive age. It is distinguished by numerous cysts on the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, and elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) in the body.

PCOS has no established cause, however, it is assumed to be caused by a mix of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. One of the key characteristics of PCOS is an imbalance in hormone levels generated by the ovaries and pituitary glands. This hormonal imbalance can result in the formation of tiny cysts on the ovaries, which can interfere with the ovaries' regular functioning and egg production.

Women with PCOS should consult a healthcare practitioner frequently to assess their health and address any concerns or difficulties that may occur. Most people with PCOS may live healthy and active lives with adequate medication and control.

What is thyroid disorder?

The thyroid gland, which is positioned in the front of the neck, is a butterfly-shaped gland that produces hormones that govern the body's metabolism. The thyroid gland produces two primary hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (T3). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is generated by the pituitary gland in the brain, stimulates the production of these hormones.

1) Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not generate adequate thyroid hormones. Fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and cold sensitivity are all possible symptoms. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat hypothyroidism.

2) Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland generates an abnormally large amount of hormones. Weight loss, increased hunger, a fast heart rate, and anxiety are all possible symptoms. Medication or surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland can be used to treat hyperthyroidism.

3) Goiter

Goiter is a thyroid gland enlargement caused by several reasons, including an iodine deficiency or an autoimmune condition. It may need medication or surgery to treat.

4) Thyroid nodules

Thyroid nodules are benign or cancerous masses that occur in the thyroid gland. They may need to be evaluated further and may be treated with a biopsy or surgery.

5) Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer, which affects the thyroid gland, is an uncommon kind of cancer. It is generally diagnosed through imaging testing or when a thyroid nodule is evaluated. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are all options for treatment.

PCOS and thyroid

PCOS and thyroid issues are two different conditions that can have an impact on a woman's reproductive and general health. They can, however, happen simultaneously and share symptoms such as irregular periods, reproductive issues, and weight gain. 

A person with PCOS may acquire a thyroid issue, or a person with a thyroid disorder may develop PCOS. If you have been diagnosed with one of these disorders, you should consult your doctor about the possibility of the other condition and seek appropriate treatment.

PCOS and hypothyroidism

Women with PCOS may be more prone to develop hypothyroidism or other thyroid diseases, according to some data. This might be because both disorders are connected with insulin resistance, which can impair thyroid gland function.

Furthermore, PCOS and hypothyroidism can both cause similar symptoms, such as weight gain and irregular periods, making the distinction between the two disorders unclear. Women with PCOS should be checked for thyroid disorders regularly, while women with hypothyroidism should be assessed for PCOS.

What are the symptoms?

Both disorders can produce symptoms similar to one other, such as weight gain and irregular menstruation. To control symptoms and decrease the risk of consequences, it's indeed essential to appropriately identify and treat both illnesses. If you're worried about acquiring hypothyroidism or other thyroid issues.

Some common symptoms of PCOS and hypothyroidism that may overlap include:

• Irregular periods or no periods at all
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Fatigue or low energy levels
• Dry skin or hair loss
• Mood changes, such as depression or anxiety
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Hair growth on the face or body

Treatment for PCOS and Hypothyroidism?

Here are some more specific points about the treatment of PCOS and hypothyroidism:

PCOS treatment:

• Oral contraceptives: These medications can help regulate menstrual periods and lower androgen levels. They may also improve acne and excess hair growth.
• Metformin: This medication can help improve insulin resistance and lower androgen levels. It may also help with weight loss and fertility.
• Anti-androgen medications: These medications can help lower androgen levels and improve hirsutism (excess hair growth) and acne.
• Lifestyle changes: Losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular exercise can help improve insulin resistance and lower androgen levels.

Hypothyroidism treatment:

• Thyroid hormone replacement medication: This medication replaces the missing thyroid hormone and is typically taken daily. The most common medication is levothyroxine.
• Finding the right dosage: Work with your healthcare team to find the right dosage of thyroid hormone replacement medication. Your doctor will monitor your thyroid hormone levels and adjust the dosage as needed.
• Importance of proper treatment: Take thyroid hormone replacement medication as directed to prevent serious health problems.

PCOS and Hypothyroidism diet

Both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism can be managed through diet and lifestyle changes. Here are some general dietary recommendations for people with these conditions:

PCOS Diet Guidelines:

• Eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Choose foods that are high in fiber, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
• Avoid foods that are high in added sugars and unhealthy fats.
• Eat regular, balanced meals to help regulate blood sugar levels.
• Consider working with a registered dietitian or nutritionist who can help you develop a healthy eating plan that is tailored to your needs.

Hypothyroidism Diet Guidelines:

• Eat a well-balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients, such as protein, carbohydrates, and healthy fats.
• Choose foods that are rich in nutrients, such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
• Avoid foods that are high in added sugars and unhealthy fats.
• Eat regular, balanced meals to help regulate blood sugar levels.
• Take your thyroid hormone replacement medication as directed and on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before eating.
• Avoid taking calcium or iron supplements within four hours of taking your thyroid medication, as they can interfere with absorption.

Lifestyle changes

Lifestyle changes that can help manage polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are:

• Losing weight, if needed, can help improve insulin resistance and lower androgen levels.
• Getting regular exercise, such as at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, can help improve insulin resistance and lower androgen levels.
• Managing stress through techniques such as relaxation therapy, meditation, or yoga can help regulate menstrual periods and improve overall well-being.
• Quitting smoking, if you smoke, can help improve fertility and overall health.
• Getting enough sleep can help improve energy levels and overall well-being.

When to see a doctor?

Some signs and symptoms that may indicate the need to see a doctor include:

• Irregular or absent menstrual periods
• Unusual hair growth or loss
• Acne or skin changes
• Difficulty getting pregnant
• Fatigue or feeling very tired
• Cold intolerance
• Dry skin
• Constipation
• Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Depression or changes in mood

Bottomline

To conclude, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are prevalent hormonal illnesses that can result in a variety of symptoms. Medication and lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, may be used to treat these problems. Consult with your healthcare team to determine the best treatment plan for you, and then stick to it.

FAQ

1. How do you treat PCOS and thyroid?

Treatment for PCOS may include medications to regulate menstrual periods, lower androgen levels, and improve insulin resistance, as well as lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. Treatment for hypothyroidism usually involves taking a daily thyroid hormone replacement medication and finding the right dosage. 

2. What should thyroid patients with PCOS avoid?

Here are some things that people with both thyroid disease and PCOS may want to avoid:

• Foods that are high in added sugars and unhealthy fats.
• Calcium and iron supplements are taken within four hours of thyroid medication.
• Certain medications that may interact with thyroid hormone replacement medication.
• Alcohol, which can interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism.

3. Can PCOS cause thyroid issues?

Some data suggest a relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid issues. People with PCOS are more susceptible to thyroid issues such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) (overactive thyroid). The association between both problems, however, is not fully known, and further study is required to explore the potential link between PCOS and thyroid issues.